2. Logic (གཏན་ཚིགས་རིག་པ་)
The science of Buddhist Logic was developed in India based on the writings of Masters like Dignaga and Dharmakirti during the 5th through 7th centuries CE. This tradition of logic, which itself developed based on one of the six main schools of Hindu philosophy known as Nyaya, developed rules of logical and epistemological reasoning. Jamgon Kongtrul says in his Treasury of Knowledge that the purpose of Buddhist logic is to “eradicate wrong understanding with regard to all objects of knowledge that are not directly evident but are held to be indirectly evident to one’s mind”. During subsequent centuries in Tibet, each one of the different Buddhist traditions that evolved there developed its own distinct interpretation and composed its own texts on the subject matter. This system also forms the foundation for debate. This formal philosophical debate (རྩོད་པ་) tradition is still very much alive in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism and it is used as a pedagogical tool for monks and nuns who study at the shedra (monastic university) branch of their monasteries. Traditionally in Tibet, the shedra was reserved only for monastics, but nowadays there are a few that are open to both monastics and lay practitioners. There are also many online shedras as shown below.
Rime Shedra
Rime Shedra is an amazing database of Buddhist wisdom with a full curriculum similar to what one would learn in a traditional monastic shedra. Organized by Derek Kolleeny, he comes from the lineage of Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche and Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso.
Longchen Shedra
Longchen Shedra was founded by Dolpo Tulku Rinpoche. It is a four-year Buddhist study program. The first three years are devoted to studying Sutrayana and the final year focuses mainly on Tantrayana teaching and practice.
Rigpa Shedra
Inspired by the vision of Sogyal Rinpoche and the achievements of great centers of Buddhist learning from the past, such as Nalanda in India, Shri Singha shedra at Dzogchen Monastery, Khamje at Dzongsar and more recently, Larung Gar, established by the great Khen Rinpoche Jikmé Phuntsok, the Rigpa Shedra seeks to provide a thorough and comprehensive Dharma education of the very highest standards.
Longchen Rabjam Online Shedra
The Longchen Rabjam Shedra is a unique program with a traditional curriculum in Buddhist Philosophy, according to the Pema Lingpa lineage of the Nyingma school of Buddhism. It intends to provide a means for international students all over the world to study an all-encompassing curriculum online. This shedra was established by Gangteng Tulku Rinpoche.
Shedra MP3 Library
This is Rigpawiki’s online database of free lectures on different classic Buddhist scriptures.
Nitartha Institute
Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche’s shedra’s online self-paced courses.
Mipham Shedra
Lopon Rechung Rinpoche’s online shedra.